In a significant announcement today, the National Medical Commission (NMC) has revealed that the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET UG) 2025 will be held in a pen and paper (OMR-based) format. This shift from the previous digital formats to a traditional paper-based exam has raised eyebrows across the education sector.

The exam will be conducted in a single day and a single shift, marking a major departure from the usual multi-day, multi-shift exams. This new format will affect millions of aspirants seeking admission to undergraduate medical and allied courses in India.

What Does This Change Mean for Aspirants?

Since 2019, the NEET UG exam has been conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the NMC, primarily in a computer-based mode. The shift to pen and paper is a notable change, with implications for both the logistics of the exam and the way students prepare.

The move to a single-day, single-shift exam format raises significant concerns, particularly regarding the logistical challenges and pressure on students. With over 20 lakh candidates expected to appear for the exam, conducting it in a single shift on a single day could lead to overcrowding and may present difficulties in managing large numbers of test-takers in exam centers across the country.

MNS Aspirants Now Required to Qualify Through NEET UG 2025

the Military Nursing Service (MNS) aspirants seeking admission to the B.Sc. Nursing courses at the Armed Forces Medical Services hospitals will now be required to qualify through the NEET UG 2025 exam. This marks the first time that MNS candidates will need to take the national entrance exam, which was traditionally used for admission to undergraduate medical courses.

Previously, the MNS had its own separate entrance examination for admission to the B.Sc. Nursing courses. However, with this new rule, NEET UG 2025 scores will be the sole criteria for selection into the four-year B.Sc. Nursing course for the Indian Armed Forces.

The NMC has cited the need for a “uniform” and “common” exam for all medical courses as a reason for this shift to the pen and paper format. While it is still unclear why this move was made after several years of successful digital examinations, the NMC and NTA are working to ensure that the transition back to a paper-based system is smooth.

NEET UG 2025: Preparation Tips and Exam Pattern

NEET UG Preparation Tips:

1.    Understand the Syllabus: Focus on the NCERT syllabus and key topics.

2.    Create a Timetable: Allocate time for each subject and stick to the schedule.

3.    Strengthen Basics: Focus on core concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

4.    Practice Mock Tests: Take regular mock tests to improve speed and accuracy.

5.    Revise Regularly: Make time for weekly and monthly revisions.

6.    Solve Previous Year Papers: Get familiar with the exam pattern by solving past papers.

7.    Stay Healthy: Maintain a balanced diet, exercise, and sleep well.

8.    Manage Time: Practice time management during mock tests to avoid stress.

9.    Stay Positive: Stay confident and focused on your goal.

As the date for NEET UG 2025 draws closer, the sudden shift to a single-day, single-shift, pen and paper exam is leaving students, parents, and educators in suspense. While the official announcement from the NMC and NTA aims to standardize the process for all medical and allied course aspirants, it remains to be seen how this change will play out on the ground.

The Medical field in India offers various opportunities for medical graduates, and choosing the right specialty for your Postgraduate (PG) studies can be a challenging task. If you are aspiring to pursue a Master’s in Surgery (MS), it is important to choose a branch that aligns with your interests, skills, and career aspirations. According to the National Medical Commission (NMC) report, there are a total of 49,772 PG seats available across India, spread over 81 specialties at 586 medical institutes.

According Bodmas Medical report the top 5 MS branches that offer great career prospects, provide insights into each specialty, and help you make an informed decision about your future in surgery.

Introduction to MS Branches

The MS (Master of Surgery) is a postgraduate program that focuses on training doctors in various surgical specialties. It is a clinical branch, which means that it involves hands-on practical training and patient care. The MS program typically lasts for three years, and it includes both theoretical and clinical training. The course helps students develop the skills and knowledge required to become expert surgeons in their chosen specialties.

If you are wondering which branch of MS to choose, it is essential to consider factors such as job prospects, work-life balance, personal interest, and income potential. Below are the top 5 MS branches in India, known for their growth potential and career opportunities.

Top 5 MS Branches in India

MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology is one of the most sought-after surgical specialties in India. It focuses on the medical and surgical care of the female reproductive system. This branch covers a wide range of services, from managing pregnancies, performing deliveries (normal and cesarean), to addressing conditions related to the ovaries, uterus, and other reproductive organs.

 Areas of Focus

•    Pregnancy and childbirth care

•    Fertility treatments and surgeries

•    Management of gynecological conditions like PCOS, fibroids, and endometriosis

•    Conducting surgeries such as hysterectomies and laparoscopies

Career Growth

Obstetrics and Gynecology is a highly rewarding branch with a steady demand for qualified professionals. Specialists can work in hospitals, private clinics, or establish their own practice. Additionally, advancements in fertility treatments and surgical techniques continue to open up new career avenues.

Number of Seats and Fees

General Surgery is one of the broadest and most versatile surgical specialties. It involves the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a wide range of conditions affecting the abdominal organs, digestive tract, endocrine glands, soft tissues, and more. Surgeons in this branch are trained to perform various types of surgeries, from routine operations to complex procedures.

 Areas of Focus

•    Abdominal surgeries (appendectomies, hernia repairs, etc.)

•    Gastrointestinal surgeries

•    Trauma and emergency surgery

•    Laparoscopic surgery (minimally invasive)

Career Growth

General surgery provides numerous career opportunities, including roles in hospitals, trauma centers, research, and teaching. Surgeons can also specialize further in specific areas, such as colorectal surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or bariatric surgery. There is also a growing demand for surgeons with expertise in minimally invasive techniques.

Number of Seats and Fees

Orthopaedics is a surgical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. MS in Orthopaedics involves training in both surgical and non-surgical techniques for treating conditions like fractures, joint replacements, and congenital deformities.

 Areas of Focus

•    Trauma and fracture management

•    Joint replacement surgeries (hip, knee, etc.)

•    Spine surgery

•    Sports injuries

•    Pediatric orthopaedics

Career Growth

Orthopaedic surgeons enjoy high demand in both urban and rural areas. The growth in the aging population, along with the increasing number of sports-related injuries, has contributed to the rising need for orthopaedic specialists. Many orthopaedic surgeons also specialize in areas such as sports medicine or spine surgery.

Number of Seats and Fees

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. MS in Ophthalmology focuses on diagnosing and treating eye conditions and performing surgeries such as cataract removal, corneal transplants, and glaucoma surgery.

Areas of Focus

•    Cataract surgery

•    Refractive surgery (LASIK, etc.)

•    Retinal disorders

•    Corneal transplants

•    Pediatric ophthalmology

Career Growth

Ophthalmology offers lucrative career prospects, with increasing demand for eye care professionals due to a rising elderly population and higher rates of eye diseases. Ophthalmologists can work in hospitals, private clinics, and specialized eye care centers, and some also pursue research or teaching roles.

Number of Seats and Fees

MS in ENT (also known as Otorhinolaryngology) focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and surgical management of disorders related to the ear, nose, and throat. This branch also includes head and neck surgery, and surgeons deal with conditions such as hearing loss, sinus problems, throat cancer, and sleep apnea.

Areas of Focus

•    Ear surgeries (e.g., cochlear implants, tympanoplasty)

•    Nasal and sinus surgeries

•    Laryngectomy and other throat surgeries

•    Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery

•    Sleep apnea surgery

Career Growth

ENT specialists are in demand due to increasing awareness of hearing problems, respiratory diseases, and facial reconstructive surgeries. ENT surgeons can work in hospitals, clinics, and private practices, and they can also engage in academic roles or private consulting.

Number of Seats and Fees

Choosing the right MS branch is a crucial decision that will shape your career in medicine. The five branches mentioned above—Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Ophthalmology, and ENT—are among the most popular and offer excellent growth opportunities in India. It’s essential to research each branch carefully, understand the nature of work, and assess the demand in your preferred region before making a decision.

The National Testing Agency (NTA) has issued an important notification for candidates preparing for NEET UG 2025. As part of its efforts to enhance security, streamline the registration process, and ensure the integrity of the examination, NTA has announced the integration of the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID with the NEET UG 2025 application process. This integration will require candidates to update their Aadhaar credentials as per the details provided on their 10th-grade mark sheet or passing certificate.

The NTA’s decision to include APAAR ID along with Aadhaar-based authentication is aimed at simplifying the registration process and reducing any chances of discrepancies. The NTA strongly encourages candidates to update their Aadhaar details ahead of the upcoming registration to avoid any delays.

Important Steps for NEET UG 2025 Candidates

In the official notice, the NTA emphasized the importance of updating Aadhaar credentials to match the details on the 10th-grade certificate. Candidates are urged to ensure that their Aadhaar is linked to a valid mobile number for OTP-based verification during both the registration process and the examination.

The notice stated: “Candidates are advised to update their credentials in Aadhaar, preferably as per their 10th Marksheet/Passing Certificate. Also, ensure your Aadhaar is linked with a valid mobile number for OTP-based authentication.”

Why Aadhaar is Crucial for NEET UG 2025 Registration

1.    Simplified Application Process: Aadhaar integration facilitates the auto-population of details during the registration process, reducing manual errors and expediting the application submission.

2.    Efficient Examination Process: By linking Aadhaar, the NTA aims to streamline the examination process, minimizing potential delays and complications for candidates.

3.    Faster Attendance Verification: Aadhaar-based identification will allow for swift and accurate verification of candidates on the exam day, ensuring smooth attendance tracking.

4.    Enhanced Security and Welfare: Aadhaar not only helps with identity verification but also incorporates features like facial recognition to enhance security, ensuring that each candidate is uniquely identified throughout the examination cycle.

NTA’s Guidelines for Aadhaar Update

•    Update Aadhaar Information: Ensure that your Aadhaar details, particularly your name and date of birth, match the information on your 10th-grade mark sheet. This update can be made at any Aadhaar Enrollment or Update Center.

•    Link Aadhaar with Mobile Number: Ensure your Aadhaar is linked to a valid mobile number for OTP-based authentication, which will be essential during registration and the examination process.

•    Leverage Aadhaar-based Face Recognition: NTA is introducing facial recognition for quicker and more secure identity verification. This biometric feature will help streamline candidate entry into exam halls and strengthen the examination’s security.

What’s Next?

The registration process for NEET UG 2025 will begin shortly. Candidates are advised to keep a close eye on the official NTA NEET website (neet.nta.nic.in) for further announcements. The updated guidelines for registration and additional instructions will be provided, ensuring a smooth and secure process for all applicants.

As NEET UG 2025 draws closer, candidates are urged to ensure that their Aadhaar credentials are updated well in advance. By doing so, they will not only enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the registration process but also contribute to a seamless examination experience.

Stay prepared, stay informed, and make sure to complete all required updates ahead of the NEET UG 2025 registration deadline.

Top Scholarships for Indian Students in Germany

Germany has long been one of the most attractive destinations for international students, and Indian students are no exception. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of Indian students who are enrolling in German universities. The Federal Statistical Office of Germany reported a 15.1% increase in the number of Indian students during the 2023-2024 winter semester, with nearly 50,000 students pursuing higher education in Germany.

Germany’s appeal lies in its high-quality education system, minimal or no tuition fees at public universities, and the opportunity for students to work while studying. Indian students, particularly those in fields like Engineering, Management, and Natural Sciences, find Germany to be an ideal destination. However, the cost of living and other expenses can be a barrier. To help alleviate these financial burdens, various scholarships are available for Indian students. Below is a detailed guide to the top scholarships for Indian students in Germany.

Table of Contents

Why Study in Germany?

• World-class Education: Germany is home to top-ranked universities, especially in fields like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).
• No Tuition Fees at Public Universities: Public universities in Germany generally do not charge tuition fees, significantly reducing the cost of education.
• Work Opportunities: Students can work up to 140 full days or 280 half-days per year during their studies. This makes it easier to cover living expenses while gaining valuable work experience.
• Diverse Student Population: Indian students represent the largest group of international students in Germany, enriching the multicultural experience of studying there.

Despite these advantages, the cost of living can still be a challenge for many students. Scholarships can ease this financial strain and help students focus more on their studies.

Types of Scholarships Available for Indian Students

Scholarships for Indian students in Germany are offered by a variety of entities, including:

• German Universities: Many universities provide merit-based or need-based scholarships to attract top international talent.
• German Government: Various government-run programs like DAAD offer scholarships to international students.
• Foundations and Organizations: Several German foundations provide scholarships based on academic excellence, research potential, or specific fields of study.

In addition to financial support, some scholarships provide benefits like mentoring, internships, and networking opportunities, which can be valuable for students during their academic journey.

 Top Scholarships for Indian Students in Germany

A. Technische Hochschule Koln (TH Köln) End of Study Scholarships

The End of Study Scholarship at TH Köln is offered to international students who are nearing the completion of their Bachelor’s or Master’s programs. This scholarship is funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Federal Foreign Office.

Eligibility:

• Must be enrolled at TH Köln.
• Should be in the final stage of their degree program and expected to graduate within 12 months.

Benefits:

• Financial support up to €556 per month for students with care obligations or €992 per month for those with health impairments.

Application Timeline:

• Applications are accepted twice a year, with deadlines on December 15 and June 15.

B. Einstein Fellowship

Offered by the Einstein Forum and the Wittenstein Foundation, this fellowship supports young scholars under 35 who want to explore interdisciplinary research that is outside their previous field of study.

Eligibility:

• Must be under 35 years of age.
• Should hold a degree in humanities, social sciences, or natural sciences.

Benefits:

• Accommodation in Einstein’s former summerhouse.
• Stipend of €10,000 and reimbursement for travel expenses.

Application Process:

• Applications must be submitted by email, including a project proposal and letters of recommendation.

C. Hamburg University Scholarships

Hamburg University offers three distinct scholarships for international students:

1. Merit Scholarship: Up to €930 per month for students with excellent academic records.
2. Degree Completion Grant: Up to €930 for students completing their degree.
3. DAAD’s Hilde Domin Programme: Supports students facing risks in continuing their studies.

Eligibility:

• Must be an international student enrolled at Hamburg University.

D. Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation Scholarships

This prestigious foundation provides numerous awards for highly accomplished international researchers and scholars, including:

• Humboldt Research Fellowship: Provides €2,700 per month for postdoctoral researchers.
• German Chancellor Fellowship: Offers a monthly grant of up to €2,700 for international graduates.

Application:

• The application process is online through the foundation’s official website.

E. DAAD Scholarships

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) offers numerous scholarships for international students at all stages of their academic journey, from undergraduate to postdoctoral research. These scholarships typically cover living expenses, travel costs, and sometimes insurance.

Eligibility:

• Varies depending on the specific program.

F. Deutschlandstipendium National Scholarship

This scholarship offers €300 per month for high-achieving students at participating German universities. It is funded by private sponsors and matched by the German government.

Eligibility:

• Open to students of all nationalities, including Indian students, based on academic excellence.

G. Heinrich Boll Foundation Scholarships

The Heinrich Boll Foundation offers scholarships for students with a strong academic record who are also engaged in social or political activities. Applicants must demonstrate a commitment to the foundation’s values, including ecology, sustainability, and human rights.

Eligibility:

• Open to graduates and doctoral students from any discipline.

H. Heidelberg University Scholarships

Heidelberg University offers several scholarships for international students, including the Amirana Scholarship for students pursuing medicine or dentistry.

Eligibility:

• Varies by scholarship, but typically requires a strong academic background.

Other Scholarships to Explore

• Erasmus Fellowship: A program that allows students to gain international experience while studying abroad.
• Friedrich Ebert Scholarship: Provides funding for both undergraduate and postgraduate studies.
• Graduate School Scholarship Program (GSSP): Offers funding for PhD students at reputable German universities.
• Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung Scholarship: A fully-funded scholarship for international students proficient in the German language.

Make Your Education Affordable

Germany remains one of the most accessible and high-quality study destinations in the world. With its minimal tuition fees and numerous scholarships for international students, it offers Indian students an excellent opportunity to pursue higher education while keeping costs manageable.

By exploring and applying for the scholarships listed above, Indian students can secure the financial support they need to achieve their academic and professional goals in Germany.

MBBS Students Protest Against Haridwar Government Medical College’s PPP Shift

Haridwar: In a contentious development, reports have emerged that Haridwar’s Government Medical College is slated to be handed over to Sharda Educational Trust under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, a move that has intensified ongoing protests and raised questions about transparency in decision-making.

What’s Happening?

The state government wants to run this medical college through a partnership with a private organization (called a PPP model). The chosen partner is “Sharda Educational Trust”, which already runs Sharda University in Greater Noida.

Sharda Educational Trust, which already operates several educational institutions including Sharda University in Greater Noida, UP, is now at the center of this controversial transition in Uttarakhand’s medical education sector.

₹800 crore public-funded institution to private hands

The Trust’s potential involvement in managing an ₹800 crore government medical facility has raised eyebrows, particularly given the secretive nature of discussions that reportedly took place in the Secretariat over the past two months. Education activists and opposition leaders are questioning the selection process and criteria that led to choosing this particular trust for the PPP arrangement.

The revelation has caused particular concern as sources indicate that discussions about transferring the institution to Sharda Educational Trust have been quietly ongoing in the state Secretariat corridors for approximately two months before becoming public knowledge. This behind-the-scenes negotiation has fueled skepticism about the transparency of the process.

MBBS Students to Get Private Degree from Govt Medical College

One of the most controversial aspects of this transition is its impact on student credentials. Future students who qualify through NEET for admission to what they believe is a government medical college may instead receive marksheets bearing a private college’s name. This situation has created significant anxiety among both current and prospective students who specifically chose the institution for its government status.

PPP model won’t affect fees

the transfer of the ₹800 crore public-funded institution to private hands reflects potential corruption and favoritism in the decision-making process. While the Director of Medical Education maintains that the PPP model won’t affect fees, facilities, or the government status of degrees, the emergence of these new details has cast doubt on these assurances.

Adding to the complexity, while discussions about Sharda Educational Trust’s involvement have been ongoing at the administrative level, the college principal maintains that no official orders regarding the PPP implementation have been received, creating a state of uncertainty among stakeholders.

This situation highlights growing concerns about the privatization of public medical education institutions and raises questions about the long-term implications for medical education accessibility in Uttarakhand.

Read this:- CMC Vellore gets ₹500 crore from Azim Premji Foundation for Making Chittoor Campus

COMEDK UGET 2025 Exam: The Consortium of Medical, Engineering and Dental Colleges of Karnataka (COMEDK) has announced the official schedule for the COMEDK UGET 2025 examination. This entrance test, crucial for admission to undergraduate programs in engineering and medical courses across member institutions in Karnataka, will be held on May 10, 2025. The exam serves as a gateway for thousands of students aspiring to pursue engineering and medical courses in one of the top colleges in Karnataka.

The registration process for the exam will begin on February 3, 2025, and candidates wishing to appear for the test must complete their application process by March 15, 2025. The application window will be open on the official COMEDK website (comedk.org), where candidates can also access other essential exam-related information.

Important Dates for COMEDK UGET 2025

 To help applicants better prepare, a mock test will be made available online starting February 17, 2025, providing them with a practice platform to familiarize themselves with the exam format. After submitting their applications, candidates will have the opportunity to make corrections in their application forms. The edit window will open on April 11, 2025, and will remain available until April 14, 2025.

Once the application process is complete, candidates can download their Test Admission Tickets (TAT) starting April 30, 2025. The last date to download the TAT will be May 10, 2025, which is also the date of the examination. It is crucial that all candidates download their admit cards before the exam date to avoid any last-minute issues.

COMEDK UGET 2025 Exam Pattern

The COMEDK UGET 2025 will be conducted on May 10, 2025, and will be a 3-hour exam with a total of 180 multiple-choice questions spread across three subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. Candidates applying for both engineering and medical courses will face the same exam, with the paper tailored differently for each stream. The exam will be held in a computer-based format, and candidates are advised to be well-prepared for the online environment.

COMEDK UGET 2025 Answer Keys

The provisional answer keys will be released on May 14, 2025, allowing candidates to review their performance and raise any objections to the keys until May 16, 2025. The final answer keys will be published on May 21, 2025, and the scorecards will be made available online on May 24, 2025.

Exam Fee for COMEDK UGET 2025

The registration fee for COMEDK UGET 2025 is set at Rs. 1,950 (excluding taxes) for candidates applying for only one course, either engineering or medical. However, candidates wishing to appear for both engineering and medical programs will need to pay Rs. 3,200 (excluding convenience fees).

SNAP 2024 Result: The SNAP results for 2024 have been announced today, January 8, 2025. Although it was previously indicated that the results would be available at 1:00 pm, the link to obtain the SNAP scorecard was activated at 11:30 am. You can now access the direct link to download the SNAP 2025 scorecard on the SNAPTest.org site. Candidates will need to enter their login credentials to access and view their SNAP scores.

The SNAP 2024 examination took place on December 8, December 15, and December 21, 2024. Participants had the option to take part in one, two, or all three sessions. The results for all three sessions of SNAP will be released together today. Candidates may utilize their highest score from all their attempts for admission into the SIU MBA program.

The admission shortlisting process for SIU constituent institutes is expected to begin in the first week of February 2025. Candidates will be selected based on SNAP cut-offs as well as the personality assessment round. Additionally, work experience and academic performance will also be factored in.

The SNAP results will be crucial for MBA candidates aiming for admission to Symbiosis University, as they need to achieve a percentile above 90% for entry. Symbiosis University offers greater opportunities for placements.

Schedule an Online Meeting with Ashok Sir for SIU Admission Guidance

How to Download SNAP 2024 Result?

The results for SNAP 2024 have been announced. Candidates can follow these steps to access their SNAP scorecard.

• Visit the SNAPTest.org website.
• Select the ‘download SNAP 2024 scorecard’ link.
• Enter your SNAP ID and password to access your account.
• Choose the SNAP 2024 scorecard option and download it.

SNAP 2024 cutoff

The SNAP 2024 cutoff scores are anticipated to be published during the final week of January 2025 or the initial week of February 2025. Each institute under the Symbiosis International University (SIU) will publish its cutoffs individually. This will allow candidates to check the specific cutoff scores for each program and institute, providing more clarity on the admissions process. It’s important to keep an eye on official channels for updates regarding the exact release dates and individual cutoffs from the SIU institutions.

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Postgraduate (NEET PG) 2024 Cut-Off percentile has been reduced by the Medical Counselling Committee. The qualifying percentile for NEET PG 2024 has been decreased for all categories.

An announcement from MCC stated: “following the decision made by MoHFW [Ministry of Health and Family Welfare] in consultation with NMC, the percentile for NEET PG counselling 2024 has been reduced.”

The NEET PG 2024 reduced percentile is as follows:-

The percentile mentioned is applicable exclusively to students who have taken part in the NEET PG 2024 counselling.

Students belonging to the general and EWS categories who attain a score of 15 percentile or greater will be eligible to participate in the counselling process. For those belonging to SC, ST, OBC, and PwD categories, the updated and modified cut-off for eligibility to participate in NEET PG counselling is now set at 10 percentile or above.

The cut-off percentile for NEET PG was set at the 50th for general categories, 45th for PwD candidates, and 40th for those in reserved categories. Last year, the qualifying percentile for NEET PG was lowered to zero for all categories.

For the 2022 exam, the cut-off for general category candidates was decreased from the 50th percentile to 35th percentile. The cut-off for unreserved PwD candidates was reduced from the 45th percentile to 20th percentile, while the cut-off for students belonging to SC, ST, and OBC (including PwD from SC, ST, and OBC) was lowered from the 40th percentile to 20th percentile.

NEET PG 2024 cut-off percentile Case

The announcement from the MCC comes after the Delhi High Court’s ruling on January 3, 2025, which approved a decrease in the percentile for the National Eligibility-Entrance Test Postgraduate (NEET-PG) 2024 examination. This change will be applicable for the forthcoming rounds of counselling for admission to the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Master of Surgery (MS), and Diplomate of National Board (DNB) programs for the academic year 2024.

“In response to the earlier order dated 30th December 2024, the respondents’ counsel has indicated that the Competent Authority has made a decision to relax the current percentile, which has received approval… The reduction of the percentile for admission related to the MS/MD/DNB programs for NEET PG Counselling 2024 has led the petitioner’s counsel to state that their concerns have been addressed for now… Consequently, the petition is resolved, acknowledging the statement provided by the respondents’ counsel,” the High Court bench led by Justice Anish Dayal noted in the order dated 03.01.2025.

This directive has been issued by the High Court bench in light of petitions submitted by physically disabled candidates seeking admission to postgraduate medical programs, who contested the decision to reallocate vacant postgraduate medical seats designated for physically disabled individuals to general candidates during the third round of NEET PG counselling 2024.

What is Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common respiratory virus that typically leads to infections in the upper respiratory tract, much like the common cold. It was first identified in 2001 by a group of scientists in the Netherlands. Though hMPV infections are often mild, the virus can cause serious complications in vulnerable populations, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

 Facts About hMPV

• Prevalence: hMPV is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections, particularly during the colder months (winter and early spring) when other respiratory viruses such as RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) and the flu are also common.
• At-Risk Populations: While hMPV can affect people of all ages, children under the age of 5, elderly individuals, and people with weakened immune systems (such as those undergoing chemotherapy or post-organ transplant) are at greater risk of complications.
• Symptoms: In most cases, hMPV causes mild symptoms similar to the common cold. These include a cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, and fever. However, in some cases, hMPV can cause more severe respiratory issues, leading to conditions such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, or bronchitis.
• Transmission: The virus is primarily spread through direct contact with infected individuals, such as via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by touching contaminated objects like toys, doorknobs, or shared surfaces.

Human Metapneumovirus vs COVID-19

While COVID-19 and hMPV both affect the respiratory system, there are key differences between the two viruses:

• Cause: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a member of the coronavirus family. In contrast, hMPV is caused by the metapneumovirus, part of the paramyxovirus family.
• Symptoms: Both viruses cause respiratory symptoms, but COVID-19 can also lead to a wider range of symptoms, including loss of taste or smell, gastrointestinal issues, and severe respiratory distress. hMPV symptoms, on the other hand, are usually milder and more similar to the common cold, such as cough, sore throat, runny nose, and fever.
• Contagious Period: Both viruses are contagious, with COVID-19 typically having a longer contagious period, potentially lasting up to 14 days or longer. hMPV, however, is generally contagious for about 5-7 days, particularly during the peak of symptoms.
• Severity: COVID-19 has a higher potential for severe illness and complications, particularly in older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions. hMPV is generally less severe, but in vulnerable populations, it can cause complications such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis.

Is Hmpv Dangerous?

For the majority of healthy individuals, human metapneumovirus is not dangerous, and it usually resolves without medical intervention. However, hMPV can be dangerous for certain populations, including:

• Children under 5 years old: These children are at higher risk of developing lower respiratory tract infections, which can lead to serious conditions like pneumonia or bronchiolitis.
• Elderly individuals: Older adults are more susceptible to complications from respiratory infections, especially if they have pre-existing health conditions.
• People with weakened immune systems: Those undergoing chemotherapy or post-organ transplant patients are at higher risk of severe illness or complications from hMPV.

While human metapneumovirus death rate is relatively low compared to other respiratory illnesses like COVID-19, severe cases, especially in vulnerable groups, can be life-threatening if not properly managed.

Symptoms of hMPV

The symptoms of hMPV typically resemble those of a common cold, but in some cases, the virus can cause more severe illness. Common symptoms include:

Mild Symptoms:

• Runny nose or nasal congestion
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Fever

Severe Symptoms: In more serious cases, hMPV can cause:

• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Asthma flare-ups
• Lower respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia

How is hMPV Diagnosed?

To diagnose an hMPV infection, a doctor will typically start with a physical exam and review of the patient’s medical history. If hMPV is suspected, laboratory tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include:

• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Test: A laboratory test that detects the genetic material of the virus.
• Bronchoscopy: In severe cases, a bronchoscopy may be performed. This involves inserting a flexible tube into the airways to visually inspect the lungs and obtain fluid samples to test for the virus.

Treatment of hMPV

Most cases of hMPV clear up on their own without the need for specialized treatment. However, doctors may recommend supportive care to manage symptoms, which can include:

• Over-the-counter medications: For pain and fever relief, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen.
• Decongestants: To alleviate nasal congestion.
• Inhalers: For patients experiencing wheezing or difficulty breathing, a temporary inhaler may be prescribed, often containing bronchodilators or corticosteroids like prednisone.

Preventing hMPV

Because hMPV spreads through contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, the most effective preventive measures include:

• Frequent Handwashing: Wash hands often, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching shared surfaces.
• Avoid Close Contact: If you or someone else is infected, limit contact with others to prevent spreading the virus.
• Covering Mouth and Nose: Always cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues immediately.
• Disinfecting Surfaces: Regularly clean objects and surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, toys, and cell phones.

People with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis should take extra precautions to avoid infections like hMPV and ensure their vaccinations are up-to-date.

Bengaluru: As the Karnataka Examinations Authority (KEA) prepares for the NEET-PG counseling process, candidates applying under the NRI (Non-Resident Indian) quota need to ensure they have all the necessary documentation in order to avoid any delays in their application. The process requires specific paperwork that validates the candidate’s eligibility under the NRI category.

For NRI applicants, here is a comprehensive list of documents required for a smooth and successful counseling process:

1. Embassy Documents

One of the first and most crucial documents is proof of the sponsor’s NRI status, which must be issued by the relevant embassy. The candidate must submit the Annexure 17 form (NRI Sponsorship Certificate), which attests to the financial sponsorship from the NRI. While it is generally required to be attested by the embassy, candidates should confirm with KEA if a non-attested version may be accepted based on the latest guidelines.

2. Bank Statement

A bank statement of the NRI sponsor, showing the most recent two months of transactions, must be submitted. This statement is vital to demonstrate the financial capability of the sponsor to support the candidate’s education. It is advised that the statement reflects sufficient funds to cover tuition fees and other academic expenses.

3. Passport & Visa Copies

Applicants must provide clear copies of the passport and valid visa of the NRI sponsor. These documents will verify the sponsor’s NRI status and their legal residence abroad.

4. Family Tree Certificate

To confirm the relationship between the candidate and the sponsor, a Family Tree Certificate is required. This document, issued by a local authority (such as a Tahsildar or equivalent), should clearly establish the familial connection. This helps ensure the legitimacy of the sponsorship.

For candidates applying under the NRI quota for KEA NEET-PG counselling, thorough preparation and attention to documentation are key to securing a spot in the counselling process. The NRI quota is a valuable opportunity, and ensuring that all paperwork is in place will help candidates navigate the counseling procedure with ease. Applicants are encouraged to check the official KEA guidelines and stay updated on any changes to the documentation requirements.